Dragon of Lore series: Beowulf and the Dragon

“O flower of warriors, beware of that trap. Choose, dear Beowulf, the better part, eternal rewards. Do not give way to pride. For a brief while your strength is in bloom but it fades quickly; and soon there will follow illness or the sword to lay you low, or a sudden fire or surge of water or jabbing blade or javelin from the air or repellent age. Your piercing eye will dim and darken; and death will arrive, dear warrior, to sweep you away.” Beowulf 

The myth of Beowulf fascinates me more than any other. Here is a man who defeated, and when I say defeated I mean killed, a leviathan, a troll, a witch-snake and a dragon! No other hero I can think off has as many skins on the wall as the great Geat. And he wasn’t even a demigod, like say, Hercules!

The story begins with Beowulf sailing away from his homeland, Geatland, to travel to the land of the Danes, to help a friendly neighboring peoples, and to make a name for himself. The King of the Danes, Hroogar, has developed a small problem. To celebrate his countries prowess against its enemies, the king built a great hall for his warriors to drink mead, tell tall tales, sing songs, ravage beautiful dames and all the other things victorious drunken warriors tend to do. The one mistake he made, however, was building his party hall within earshot of a terrible troll named Grendle, who was born deformed: his eardrum grew outside of his ear, not inside. Grendle couldn’t tolerate noise!

So, every time the Danes had a celebration, Grendle would come and play the role of party pooper, by destroying everything in his path, killing a warrior or two and taking their corpses back to his cave to dine on. A terrible pall fell across the land and no one dared stand up to the terrible Grendle. Then Beowulf showed up, full of confidence after slaying a leviathan along the way, bragging to be the greatest warrior in the world and vowing to rid the Danish lands of the cursed troll. To get matters started, Beowulf insisted on throwing a great celebration at the king’s hall, and when Grendle showed up, Beowulf battled him, ripped his arm off at the shoulder, causing the troll to flee back to his cave, fatally wounded.

When the troll dies, its angry mother, an evil witch who can shape shift into a snake, came calling for Beowulf. When she encounters the Geatmen, she attack and kills Beowulf’s best warrior before slinking back home. Outraged, Beowulf follows her to her lair and confronts her. Unable to hurt the sorceress with his weapons, Beowulf grabs an ancient magickal sword forged by a giant, lying amongst her horde and slays her with it. He then decapitates Grendle, gives the head to the king, is handsomely rewarded and then returns home to Geatland, where his new found reputation eventually makes him a great king of his own people.

Fifty years later, a young man in Beowulf’s kingdom comes upon a cave filled with treasure. He takes a golden cup with him for proof, and in the process, wakes a sleeping dragon. The dragon is furious to find one piece of its horde missing and flies from its lair, burning everything in its sight. With his kingdom under threat, old Beowulf summons his youthful courage and gathers his warriors to confront the dragon.

Sensing his own inevitable demise, Beowulf bravely orders his men to stand down and attacks the dragon alone. A great battle ensues and Beowulf finally slays the airborne beast by ripping its heart out with his bare hands. Unfortunately, Beowulf is mortally wounded by the dragon and dies soon after, surrounded by his closest friends and warriors. His people build a massive funeral pyre for their fallen hero and then bury his ashes and the dragon’s great lair together in a huge burial mound.

Two burial mounds that might fit the description have been found in Geatland, in what we today call Scandinavia. One was excavated in the late 19^th century and grand burial setting fit for a great king was found. It is debatable whether or not it was Beowulf. The other one has not been excavated.

I highly recommend reading a translated version of the epic poem Beowulf. There are a couple of really good movies made in the 2000’s that do a great job of telling this great myth as well. Of the two, I prefer the animated version. Odin and Thor would be proud.

“Wise sir, do not grieve. It is always better to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning. For every one of us, living in this world means waiting for our end. Let whoever can win glory before death. When a warrior is gone, that will be his best and only bulwark.” Beowulf

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Dragons of Lore Series: St. George's Dragon

The first time I became aware of St. George’s dragon myth, I didn’t even realize it for what it was. It was disguised in a fantasy movie that was more famous for being the first Disney film with partial nudity than anything else: Dragonslayer. Great movie, I’ve watched it dozens of times. The premise of the story, taken almost entirely from the St. George dragon myth, was of a kingdom terrorized by a terrible fire-breathing dragon. To appease the dragon, and to win an uneasy peace with it, the king’s spiritualist holds a lottery with every virgin in the kingdom included, with the unlucky winner to be chained outside the dragon’s lair as a blood sacrifice. When the king’s own daughter is chosen and condemned to die, she is deftly rescued by a daring foreign hero who happens by just at the moment of truth.

There are subtle differences: St. George, who lived in the late third, early fourth centuries, was a warrior priest, perhaps an early version of a Templar Knight. The Hollywood version simply changed the hero from a missionary warrior to an inexperienced young wizard; to appeal to the teenagers the producers pitched it to. Even though the flick was not a cinematic masterpiece, it was still a key building block in my growing love of dragons, and inspired me to learn more and that is how I discovered the myth of St. George.

In the movie the dragon is slain by means of sorcery. In the myth, St. George makes the sign of the cross, pins the dragon with his lance, asks the princess for her girdle, and proceeds to strap it around the dragon’s neck. The princess is then able to lead the wounded beast through the streets of the kingdom like a harmless lamb. When the townsfolk flee in fear, St. George agrees to behead the creature in return for the mass baptism of all the people in the kingdom.

In the movie, the young dragon slayer wins the love of his dream girl, a female warrior, not the princess, mind you. In the myth, St. George converted the entire kingdom to Christianity after slaying the dragon. The king offers him a reward of half the money in the kingdom. St. George refused. Instead, he demanded that the king take care of the churches, honor the priests and have pity on poor people.

After that, St. George left and continued on his personal crusade to convert pagans to Christianity.  Eventually he was martyred for his efforts. Death may have claimed George’s soul but he has been immortalized as patron Saint of England, as well as Portugal and Malta. The red cross he wore on his arms has been adopted as the Union Jack of England and also on the flags of Australia and New Zealand. There are many cities around the world named after him and even the Eurasian country of Georgia is indirectly named after him. The power of the cult of St. George is so prevailing that 365 Orthodox churches in that country bear his name.

Perhaps St. George’s greatest legacy is that he is venerated by Christians, Jews and Muslims alike, as the man slew the dragon in Palestine and continued to work miracles, even after his death. I think that is about as rare as it gets in that regard.

Please check back with DeThroe Blog next week to read my next Dragons of Lore article about the Norse myth of Beowulf and his battle with a dragon.

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Dragons of Lore Intro

With all due respect to unicorns, faeries, dwarfs, elves, trolls and other fabled beings, my favorite mythical creature are dragons. If lions are kings of the jungle, then dragons were emperors of the air, water and land. Nothing could strike more fear into the ancient hearts of our ancestors than dragon attack. Real or made up doesn’t matter, legends of dragons were believed to be true by human beings for many millennia. Who am I to say they didn’t know what they were talking about?

These creatures loved one thing: hordes of treasure, and they would do anything to protect their horde, once they stole it from humans or some other mythical creature. They would destroy entire kingdoms to get what they wanted. Some have even demanded tribute, usually a young virgin chosen by a shaman, in exchange for not destroying a kingdom.

The best way to kill the dragon was by the combination of wizard/priest and a brave knight in shining armor. The dragon had one weakness: One scale missing right in front of his heart; the proverbial soft spot. Hit that spot and the dragon was slain. Of course, slaying a dragon would make one famous for eternity. Remember the stories of Beowulf, St. George & Sir Lancelot and Sir Tristan? All were dragon slayers. However, most daring warriors that challenged dragons ended up as a juicy roast.

I’ve often wondered how dragons would fare in today’s world? In Suffer the Witch Chronicles, I wanted to write a story about non-stereotypical characters who suddenly gain unbelievable paranormal powers and I also wanted to bring dragons into the twenty-first century. I believe Gazzy Windstorm, my dragon character in Rise of the Raven Knights, has given me the inspiration to accomplish my goals.

Some of the dragons I am going to touch on during the next several weeks are Smaug (from The Hobbit), the dragon slain by Beowulf, the Lambton Worm, St. Georges dragon, Medieval dragons, Indian dragons, Chinese dragons, the biblical dragon of the Apocalypse, the four types of Greek dragons (the Dracones, the Cetea, the fire-breathing Chimaera and the female Dracaenae), Egyptian Apep (the Sun god Ra’s enemy of darkness) and one or two more I haven’t yet settled on.

What exactly where dragons? UFO’s? All civilizations have UFO myths, disguised in one way or another, just as they do dragon myths. No tangible evidence exists for either, yet… Dinosaurs? Kind of similar looking creatures, these dinosaurs and dragons, aren’t they? Given our ancients somewhat modern trait of stretching tall tales, one could certainly make the case for them seeing dinosaur bones and making a connection. There could more to this story than that, though. Recent evidence suggests that modern humans and dinosaurs could have lived in the same age. The evidence speaks for itself and I will explore this development in depth in an upcoming blog. Comets? Besides UFO’s firing advanced laser technology, I can think of nothing that could represent the fire breathing flying beast which destroys civilizations better than comets. Volcanoes could’ve also had the same effect. In a religious sense, dragons could have the meaning of sin and also conquering kingdoms. Dragons have been linked to all of these things at one point or another throughout recorded history. One could make a case for and against any of these. I will dig deep into this question and come up with an interesting take for you, my readers, to enjoy.

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Number 1 Witch of All-Time: Morgana Le Fay of Camelot

Unattributable to any one author, but originally credited to twelfth century author Geoffrey of Monmouth, the legend/myth of King Arthur’s Camelot is the greatest fantasy story of all time, in my opinion. There are so many great characters from the story, but the one we will touch on the most in this blog is Morgana Le Fay, the number one witch of all time.

Morgana was the daughter of Duke Gorlois of Cornwall and Lady Igraine. Uther Pendragon attacked Gorlois because he wouldn’t submit to Uther’s goal of gaining kingship of a reunited England. As battle loomed, Merlin caused a great fog to form between the armies and then used sorcery to disguise Uther’s face to look like Gorlois’, so Uther could sleep with Igraine. In return for the favor, Merlin got the child conceived during that liaison.

If Uther would have waited he would have gotten Igraine anyway, as Gorlois was slain in the battle, thus giving Uther the role of first unified King of England. He married Igraine, and sent Morgana to a convent. It is said that Morgana received her early witchcraft training at that convent. When Arthur was born to Uther and Igraine, Merlin came and forced Uther to live up to the agreement and give him the child, which he reluctantly did.

With the help of Merlin the Magician, Wizard, Druid, Prophet, madman, what have you, Arthur Pendragon grew up, pulled the mythical sword from the stone and inherited his rightful throne as King of England, after Uther, the father he never knew, was killed. King Arthur then became one with the land, gathered widely celebrated knights and went on a quest for the holy grail.

Everything was good until Arthur's evil half-sister, Morgana Le Fay returned to the scene, and decided to finally act upon her livelong jealousy of Arthur, by tricking him into sleeping with her at a pagan fertitlity ritual, a tryst which begets him a son who will eventually be the death of him. (note: many Arthur stories, especially older ones, cite Morgause as Mordred’s mother.)

The only person standing in Morgana’s way now is Merlin. How does Morganna do him in? She does what any beautiful royal lady and aspiring witch would do. She shows interest in his sorcery and persuades him to tutor her in the dark arts of Druidry. She then seduces the great wizard and eventually discovers his weakness. Morgana uses her newfound power to freeze Merlin and all his magickal knowledge and power in ice for all eternity and takes her role as the most powerful druid in England.

How important is Morganna? She has been the subject of countless novels by numerous authors, plays, movies, songs, comics and even a heavy metal band. Check them out: http://morganalefay.com.

Morgana has set the standard for witches for thousands of years. Her name Morgana comes from a derivative of the Welsh words for water sprite and Celtic for war goddess. The word ‘le fee’ means fairy. These spirits are as ancient as written history, if not older, and are still spoken to this day.

Perhaps more importantly, Morgana was and is a role model for women as a very dominant character. She was involved in the highest levels of English royal circles and political scene and she used her position along with cunning, intuition, and witchcraft talents to double-cross her enemies and influenced Anglo-Saxon history in the process.

Think about this: If the Arthurian legends are real, and there is no evidence I’ve seen that they aren’t, then we have a spectral war going on between Morgana and Merlin that set the stage for the end of open paganism in Anglo-Saxon Europe and helped usher in the age of Christianity. That is some huge influence right there.

Imagine how differently things could be right now. Mordred came so close to defeating his father in the battle of Camlann when he near fatally stabbed Arthur but was simultaneously killed by his father. If Morgana’s plan would’ve worked, Christianity might not have had such an easy path through Europe with Mordred ruling England.

So what happened to Morgana? After Mordred was killed and Arthur near-fatally wounded, the story goes that Morgana took Arthur by boat to the enchanted island of Avalon, where Morgana was high priestess of a society of female sorceresses. Neither was ever seen again and the island of Avalon drifted beyond the invisible veil that separates this world from the spiritual world.

Even after her dreams of uniting England as a pagan society were ended with her son’s death, the love and sympathy for her brother stayed true, as she nursed him back to health in her mystical paradise so he could return again someday as Once and Future King. And I guess that makes the answer to the question of whether she was evil or not, simply a matter of perspective.

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